Positive PDPN and THY1 expression characterize three sublining FLS subsets: (1) perivascular CD34 + THY1 + HLA-DR low , (2) pro-inflammatory THY1 + CD34 HLA-DR high , and (3) THY1 + CD34 Dickkopf (DKK)3 + HLA-DR low ( Figure 3 ) ( + THY1 + HLA-DR low FLS subset is located within the perivascular region surrounding blood vessels and interacts closely with endothelial cells through NOTCH3 signaling ( + CD34 HLA-DR high population in RA with increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, collagens, the interferon (IFN)- signaling, IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL12, indicating that these cells are in an active cytokine-producing state ( + CD34 RANKL high OPG low demonstrates the ability to promote osteoclast differentiation in vitro ( in silico study, integrating an in-house dataset with four published scRNA-seq datasets, affirmed the identification of four distinct fibroblast populations in RA synovial tissue ( + FLS displayed the highest THY1 expression, contrasting with CD34 - HLA-DR high FLS, which exhibited the lowest
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